Styling History of the Ford Mustang Fox Body

“Thou shall never do a slantback front end.” That was the commandment from Gene Bordinat, Ford’s vice president of design, “Henry Ford II only wants vertical front ends, and he’ll show us the door if we ever try anything like it.”

This mantra hung over the early development of the third-generation of Ford’s wildly successful Mustang. In 1975 Ford designers began the job of redesigning the iconic pony car for the coming 1980s. The car and country had been through a roller coaster 20-year period and both were in something of an identity crisis.

What defined a Mustang? Compact value and efficiency? A luxurious personal tourer? A muscle-bound performance bargain?

Two teams of designers in Dearborn and a third from the Ford-owned Ghia studio in Italy began competing for the privilege of crafting an all-new Mustang. By the fall of 1975, full scale sketches and clay models were being turned out and refined.

From the outset the only thing that was certain was that the finished product would be a very different sort of steed from Mustang II. That car had been a response to growing concerns in the late-1960s about fuel economy, creeping vehicle size, and safety.

This illustration displays a basic proportion similar to the final car, though with significantly more elaborate detailing and side intakes

The ’79 Mustang would be based on Ford’s new “Fox” midsize platform and given a tidy 100-inch wheelbase. A minimum of two bodystyles were targeted – a more conservative notchback first and then a racier fastback model. Compared to Mustang II, a higher priority was placed on the fun-to-drive aspects, interior space, limiting weight and improved aerodynamics.

Very futuristic styling was on the drawing board and even made it onto the 1979 Probe I concept, though very little translated to production

Within these parameters the teams worked their magic and things were proceeding along the path laid out by the boss. Many of the early fiberglass bucks resemble a sleeker, more refined take on the Mustang II’s design elements. Bucketed headlights, a formal upright grille, and a lower sportier stance. Lots of variations were presented including larger personal luxury cars, vinyl tops, surprisingly compact economy versions – there was even a woody station wagon design!

In April 1975, everything changed when Jack Telnack returned to Dearborn after an overseas tour of duty that included a stint at Ford of Australia and then as the vice president of design at Ford of Europe. Telnack was a rising star in Ford’s design department and eventually succeeded Gene Bordinat when he retired in 1980.

Telnack took over as the lead for one of the competing groups. Seeing the boxy designs that had been put to full scale, he wondered aloud why sleeker, more European-style design elements weren’t being introduced. They existed in sketches but not in the cars physical models. Telnack pushed his team to introduce those elements as well as the previously forbidden slantback grille. With this newly unleashed creative freedom, less traditional shapes began to emerge by early 1976.

This full-scale tape drawing is for a more conservative, economy-focused design

What’s perhaps most interesting is the aggregation of different design elements from various styling concepts. The basic proportions for the fastback and notchback were developed by February of ’76 and the winning design themes from Telnack’s group were complete by July. Refining the details meant remixing different styling elements from several earlier models – the laid back grille came from a June clay model, quarter window louvers from April, side strakes were avoided, and four sealed beam headlights allowed for a low, wedge-like hood line.

An extremely formal interpretation of the Mustang, the rear window louvers would carry on although not much else was ever used

The result was unlike anything else on the road. Modern and European-inspired but clearly American. What would become the 1979 Mustang had significantly more leg and shoulder room than the Mustang II, a tidy 2,700-pound curb weight and improved outward visibility. The new shape was Ford’s first serious stab at reducing air resistance with the lowest drag coefficient on the road at the time – 0.44 for the fastback and 0.46 for the notchback. The wedge hood and higher seating position even allowed the driver to see the road surface four feet closer to the car. Topping off the new look, stylists even altered the famous galloping Mustang logo, making it more muscular with a longer stride.

With the overlay lifted out of the way, the fastback profile is visible. Compared to the eventual production car, this one features a longer almost wagon-like roof. Though the details and rear window treatment are much different, the basic idea is getting there

A full-scale mockup that carries over some Mustang II front end styling elements in a squared-off, more formal treatment

The lone wagon-back concept of the bunch. Designers were looking at every possibility for the Mustang, including making it even more practical for small families

Another rather conservative design, and since it was the 1970s a vinyl roof concept was expected. This model uses much more chrome around the daylight opening and features unique door handles tucked into the back of the door and accessed via a recess on the body, similar to the 1989 Ford Probe

One of the sleeker designs, the forward sweeping B-pillar and overall packaging suggest this proposal may have been a two-seater only, rather than a 2+2

The influence of Japanese sportscars is seen here in the rear-sweeping B-pillar and wraparound rear window

The silhouette of production 1979 Mustang notchback is clearly visible in this model. A few tweaks to the front end and side glass are all that remains

The winning notchback design theme features the profile that would make it to production two years later. After hours in the wind tunnel, a bottom-breather air-inlet was added below the bumper and most of the egg-crate grille was blocked off for reduced aerodynamic drag

Today, we know these cars as the “Fox Body” Mustangs. They went on to be one of the most long-lived and successful platforms in the history of the nameplate with a production that lasted from 1979 to 1993. Along the way, Ford reintroduced the Mustang GT in 1982 and the Mustang convertible in 1983. In 1984 the limited production Mustang SVO was launched followed by the first SVT Cobra in 1993.

Fox Mustangs remain popular with street and drag racers for their light weight and compact design. More than 2.6 million third-generation Mustangs eventually ended up parked in driveways across the country.