Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 –A new reference among super sports cars
• Innovative concept and phenomenal performance redefine the
pinnacle of the super sports car segment
• Entirely new technology package, unique and powerful functional
design language
• Innovative carbon-fiber monocoque
• New twelve-cylinder engine with 515 kW / 700 hp
• Super-fast shifting ISR (Independent Shifting Rods) transmission
• Pushrod suspension
• The very finest equipment and trim, extensive individualization
With the Aventador LP 700-4, Automobili Lamborghini is redefining the very
pinnacle of the world super sports car market – brutal power, outstanding
lightweight engineering and phenomenal handling precision are combined with
peerless design and the very finest equipment to deliver an unparalleled
driving experience. With the Aventador, Lamborghini is taking a big step into
the future – and building on the glorious history of the brand with the next
automotive legend. The first customers will take delivery of the new
Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 in late summer 2011.
The technology package of the Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 is utterly
unique. It is based on an innovative monocoque made from carbon-fiber that
combines exceptional lightweight engineering with the highest levels of
stiffness and safety. The new twelve-cylinder with 6.5 liters’ displacement and
515 kW / 700 hp brings together the ultimate in high-revving pleasure with
astonishing low-end torque. Thanks to a dry weight of only 1,575 kilograms
(3,472 lb), which is extremely low for this class of vehicle, the weight-to-power
ratio stands at only 2.25 kilograms per hp (4.96 lb/hp). Even the fantastic 0-
100 km/h (0-62 mph) acceleration figure of just 2.9 seconds and the top speed
of 350 km/h (217 mph) do not fully describe the Aventador’s extreme
performance. And yet, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are down by
around 20 percent compared with its predecessor, despite the considerable
increase in power (+8%).
The ISR transmission is unique among road-going vehicles, guaranteeing the
fastest shifting time (only 50 milliseconds) and a highly emotional shift feel,
while the lightweight chassis with pushrod suspension delivers absolute
handling precision and competition-level performance. The expressively3
designed interior offers hi-tech features ranging from the TFT cockpit display
with Drive Select Mode system. The Aventador will be built to the very highest
quality standards in an all-new production facility in Sant’Agata Bolognese.
“With the Aventador LP 700-4, the future of the super sports car is now part
of the present. Its exceptional package of innovative technologies is unique,
its performance simply overwhelming,” says Stephan Winkelmann, President
and CEO of Automobili Lamborghini. “The Aventador is a jump of two
generations in terms of design and technology, it’s the result of an entirely
new project, but at the same time it’s a direct and consistent continuation of
Lamborghini’s brand values. It is extreme in its design and its performance,
uncompromising in its standards and technology, and unmistakably Italian in
its style and perfection. Overall, the dynamics and technical excellence of the
Aventador LP 700-4 makes it unrivalled in the worldwide super sports car
arena.”Aventador: the name of one of the most courageous of all bulls
According to its tradition, Lamborghini’s new flagship bears the name of a bull
– naturally, a particularly courageous specimen from the world of the Spanish
Corrida. Aventador was the name of a bull that entered into battle in October
1993 at the Saragossa Arena, earning the “Trofeo de la Peña La Madroñera”
for its outstanding courage.
A sculpture of extreme dynamics
For Lamborghini, design is always the beauty of aggressive power, the
elegance of breathtaking dynamics. From the very first glance, the new
Aventador is unmistakably a Lamborghini, clothed in the brand’s
characteristic and distinctive design language – with its extremely powerful
proportions, its exact lines and precise surfaces, and with taut muscularity in
every one of its details. The designers in the Centro Stile Lamborghini have
carefully developed this design language to give the Aventador a significant
new edge. It is an avantgarde work of art, an incredibly dynamic sculpture,
from the sharply honed front end through the extremely low roofline to the
distinctive rear diffuser. Every line has a clear function, every form is dictated
by its need for speed, yet the overall look is nothing less than spectacular and
breathtaking.The doors open upward – of course
Truly impressive proportions come from an overall length of 4,78 meters
(188.19 in.) matched with an impressive width of 2,26 meters (88.98 in.)
including the exterior mirrors, and further accentuated by an extremely low
height of just 1.136 mm (44.72 in.). It goes without saying that both doors of
the carbon-fiber monocoque open upward – a feature that was first introduced
in the now legendary Countach and then used for subsequent V12 models
such as Diablo and Murciélago. However, the Aventador also evokes its
immediate predecessor the Murciélago – electronically managed air intakes
open depending on the outdoor temperature and the need for cooling
air,ensuring maximum aerodynamic efficiency. And for those whishing to
flaunt the heart of their Lamborghini, the optional transparent engine bonnet
exhibits the twelve-cylinder engine like a technical work of art in a display
case.
Exclusive and high-tech interior
The Aventador’s spacious interior combines the fine exclusivity of premium
materials and perfect Italian craftsmanship with state-of-the-art technology
and generous equipment. The red switch cover on the broad center tunnel
encloses the start button used to awaken the twelve-cylinder. The interior is
dominated by a next-generation dashboard – as in a modern airplane, the
instruments are presented on a TFT-LCD screen using innovative display
concepts. A second screen is dedicated to the standard-fit multimedia and
navigation system.
Carbon-fiber monocoque
The new Lamborghini flagship has a full monocoque. The entire occupant cell,
with tub and roof, is one single physical component. This ensures extreme
rigidity and thus outstanding driving precision, as well as an extremely high
level of passive safety for the driver and his passenger. The entire monocoque
weighs only 147.5 kilograms (325.18 lb).
The monocoque, together with the front and rear Aluminium frames, features
an impressive combination of extreme torsional stiffness of 35,000 Newton
meters per degree and weighs only 229.5 kilograms (505.9 lb).Maximum revs, amazing sound
For the Aventador LP 700-4, the engineers in Lamborghini’s R&D Department
have developed a completely new high-performance power unit – an
extremely powerful and high-revving, but very compact power unit. At 235
kilograms (518 lb), it is also extremely lightweight. A V12 with 515 kW (700 hp)
at 8,250 rpm sets a whole new benchmark, even in the world of super sports
cars. The maximum torque output is 690 Newton meters (509 lb-ft) at 5,500
rpm. The extremely well-rounded torque curve, the bull-like pulling power in
every situation, the spontaneous responsiveness and, last but not least, the
finely modulated but always highly emotional acoustics are what make this
engine a stunning power plant of the very highest order.
Innovative transmission for maximum performance
Engineers at Lamborghini have created the perfect mate for the new twelvecylinder
engine with the highly innovative ISR (Independent Shifting Rods)
transmission. The development objective was clearly formulated – to build not
only the fastest robotized gearbox, but also to create the world’s most
emotional gear shift. Compared with a dual-clutch transmission, not only is the
ISR gearbox much lighter, it also has smaller dimensions than a conventional
manual unit – both key elements in the field of lightweight engineering for
super sports cars.
Refined and safe with all-wheel drive
This kind of extreme power must be delivered reliably to the road. The driver
of the Aventador LP 700-4 can depend fully on its permanent all-wheel drive –
indicated by the 4 in the model designation. In the driveline, an electronically
controlled Haldex coupling distributes the forces between front and rear. In a
matter of milliseconds, this coupling adapts the force distribution to match the
dynamic situation. A self-blocking rear differential together with a front
differential electronically controlled by ESP make for even more dynamic
handling. The Drive Select Mode System enables the driver to choose vehicle
characteristics (engine, transmission, differential, steering and dynamic
control) from three settings – Strada (road), Sport and Corsa (track) – to suit
his individual preferences.Pushrod suspension
Lamborghini has equipped its new V12 super sports car with an innovative and
highly sophisticated suspension concept. The pushrod spring and damper
concept was inspired by Formula 1 and tuned perfectly to meet the needs of a
high-performance road-going vehicle. Together with aluminum double
wishbone suspension and a carbon-fiber ceramic brake system, this
lightweight chassis represents a further aspect of the new flagship’s unique
technology concept.
Extensive assistance and safety systems
In the hands of its driver, the Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 is a highprecision
machine – spontaneous, direct and always reliable. The driver is also
assisted by the latest electronic systems such as the incredibly sporty,
adjustable ESP system. When it comes to passive safety, front, head-thorax
and knee airbags play their part alongside the extremely stiff carbon-fiber cell.
A rich and wide-ranging individualization program
A Lamborghini should always fit perfectly with the style and preferences of its
owner. To this end, the range of individualization options is virtually
inexhaustible. There is a selection of 13 production paint colors to choose
from, three of which are highly sophisticated matt tones. A choice of two-tone
interiors are offered with the “Sportivo” and “Elegante” versions, while a
premium audio system and reversing camera are among the many technology
options. And of course, the “Ad Personam” individualization program knows
no limits when it comes to colors and materials.The Design
Every Lamborghini is an avantgarde work of art, a fast-moving technical
sculpture. Every line, every detail of a super sports car from Sant’Agata is
derived from its function – namely speed, dynamics, performance. Every
Lamborghini is a purist’s dream, reduced to its very essence.
With the new Aventador LP 700-4, the designers at the Centro Stile
Lamborghini in Sant’Agata Bolognese have taken this committed philosophy
to a whole new level – its extreme, razor-sharp lines portray a precision that is
without parallel in automotive design. And its clean, taut and expertly
executed surfaces demonstrate the exceptional competence and depth of
experience possessed by Lamborghini in carbon-fiber body shell design.
The surface of the roof has a new geometry that provides greater
spaciousness for the passengers while at the same time giving relief to the
lines of the front section.
This also addresses the aim of obtaining a better aerodynamic coefficient,
continuing Lamborghini’s design philosophy of ‘form follows function’.
The engine cover utilizes the same styling giving continuity to the concept.
Inspiration from aeronautics
For the further development of the Lamborghini design language, designers
pulled their inspiration from another sphere dominated by speed and dynamics
– from modern aeronautics, from the world’s fastest and most agile aircraft.
This gave rise to a design of maximum functionality and spectacular
sharpness, an extremely precise and highly technical design language with a
new kind of vitality. Powerfully defined lines and taut surfaces create a
fascinating interplay of light and shade, endowing the car with tremendous
visual movement. The limited edition Reventón – a work of automotive art –
and the Sesto Elemento ‘technology demonstrator’ were forerunners of this
philosophy: the Aventador is the first Lamborghini series production car
embodying this vision.
The Aventador, of course, also follows the mid-engine concept, with the
vehicle weight concentrated around the vertical axis to reduce inertia and
optimize dynamics. With the legendary Countach, Lamborghini was a pioneer
of mid-engine construction, its revolutionary concept bringing racing technology to the road.The design of the Aventador adds visual emphasis to
the mid-engine layout, with a look that concentrates its power on the rear
axle.
Aerodynamic efficiency is crucial
For such an extremely powerful automobile, the most crucial task of the body
shell design is aerodynamic efficiency: the optimum airflow for absolute
stability at all speeds and, at the same time, optimum cooling for the engine.
On the Aventador, all aerodynamic elements are integrated into the body shell
form, from the front spoiler to the rear diffuser. A key role is played by the
flat, optimized underbody. The rear spoiler is deployable and controlled
electronically. At rest, it lies flush with the rear of the vehicle; in operation, it
has two positions – the approach angle of 4 degrees is optimized for high
speed and assists directional stability at the very top end of the spectrum. The
tilt of 11 degrees, on the other hand, delivers considerably greater downforce
at mid-range speeds, helping to optimize handling and stability. The car uses
dynamic parameters to calculate for itself the most appropriate tilt angle.
Impressive proportions, mighty air intakes
The first striking impression of the Aventador focuses on its proportions. At a
length of 4.78 meters (188.19 in.), it is a truly impressive 2.26 meters (88.98
in.) wide including exterior mirrors, but only 1,136 meters (44.72 in.) high. The
impression of width is further emphasized by the widely spaced air intakes and
headlamp units.
The Aventador’s incredibly low front takes on a distinct arrow form, with the
Lamborghini bull insignia gracing both the point and the center line, which
continues its path along the entire length of the vehicle. The air guides are
powerfully profiled and further emphasized by their glossy, black frames. The
bi-xenon headlamps are clustered with the LED units for daytime running
lights and indicators beneath hexagonal casings. The daytime running light
comes from LED light guides that wrap around the main headlamp in a Y form.
Seven further LEDs provide the light source for the indicator.
Two strokes define the side line
The extremely long side view is dominated by the very low roofline and by two
sweeping strokes – the first emphasizes the front wheel arch; the second, very
sharply drawn line begins at the front wheel arch and runs like a tensed
muscle along the entire side of the car and over the rear wheel. The deeply
recessed door and the mighty sill bear further testimony to the determined
functionality of the Lamborghini design. Ultimately, these forms serve only
one purpose – to deliver the maximum volume of cooling air to the mighty V12
power plant. The large air intakes behind the upward-opening doors are also
enclosed in black plastic frames and guarded by a fine mesh. The engine air
intake is located on the roof pillar, behind the third side window. And when
cooling requirements are particularly high, additional air channels open up on
the rear wheel arches.
The rear end, too, is dominated by openings framed in black, where the hot air
finds its exit. The entire rear end is highly three-dimensional in its design. The
lower diffuser stands in powerful relief, while the substantial format of the
hexagonal tail pipe symbolizes the concentrated potency of the engine. The
rear lights in LED technology reiterate the triple Y motive already familiar
from current Lamborghini models.
V12 as an object of technical beauty
Equally familiar is the transparent engine bonnet (option), which adds a
particularly attractive dimension to the many emotional perspectives on the
Aventador. The twelve-cylinder power unit, with its mighty black intake
manifold, lies in all its technical glory beneath the three cover panels. It is
framed by diagonal carbon-fiber struts and accompanied by the powerful
dampers from the pushrod suspensions.
The design philosophy continues into the surprisingly roomy interior. The
cockpit is upholstered entirely in fine leather and also takes on a subtle arrow
form. The controls are logically grouped on the broad center console. Here,
too, the inspiration derived from aviation is immediately apparent – as in
modern aircraft, the instruments are presented on a TFT-LCD screen. At the
center of the display is a large dial – at the touch of a button, the driver can
choose whether he would rather see the road speed read-out or the engine
speed. Further information ranging from fuel level to the output from the onboard
computer is grouped in fields surrounding the large dial.The operating system
The most important switch is hidden beneath a red switch cover – the start
button, which instantly fires the high-performance engine into life.A second, seven-inch TFT-LCD screen in the center console belongs to the
integrated multimedia system. Beneath it is the familiar array of Lamborghini
toggle switches for operating functions such as the electric windows or the
front axle lifting system, as well as the controls for the air conditioning.
The Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 offers a state-of-the-art and
comprehensive lineup of electronic vehicle, entertainment and communication
systems. These functions are operated in a clear and intuitive manner via the
Human-Machine Interface (HMI) on the center console, featuring a large
push/turn control and eight function keys.
3. The carbon-fiber monocoque of the Lamborghini Aventador
Lamborghini is heading into the future with a systematic lightweight design
concept – the intensive application of carbon-fiber materials forms the key
foundation for the extreme dynamics of the new Aventador LP 700-4. The
new flagship is based on a full monocoque construction made with these
innovative materials – conceived and produced entirely by Automobili
Lamborghini in Sant’Agata Bolognese.
This development sees Lamborghini once again demonstrate its worldwide
leading expertise in carbon-fiber technology. The super sports car brand from
Sant’Agata Bolognese is the only automaker to have fully mastered the
extensive CFRP process across a range of technologies in-house – from 3D
design, through simulation, test, production and validation using state-of-theart
industrial processes to the very highest quality standards. With the
Aventador, Lamborghini is putting its innovative, in-house developed and
patented technologies into series production for the first time.
The cell of the future Lamborghini flagship super sports car is made entirely
from carbon fiber and has been designed as a monocoque structure. The
load-bearing structure of the vehicle is engineered as a “single shell” that
functions physically as one component, thus taking full advantage of the
extreme rigidity of CFRP. Formula 1 race cars have been built using CFRP
monocoques for many years – and have proven their crash worthiness time
and again. The same applies to road-going sports cars featuring monocoque
technology – the carbon fiber occupant cell functions like an extremely safe
roll cage.Construction offers many advantages
Of course, the term “single shell” applies only in the descriptive sense – the
new Lamborghini monocoque is made from a series of individual parts with
specific functions and technologies, such as stiffening elements made from
Braiding technology, that is one of the best technology to manage energy
adsorption in case of crash. After the curing process, however, this structure
functions as a single component – including the base section known as the tub
and the complete roof.
The full monocoque solution offers advantages which other processes, like a
tub where a metal roof structure is attached in a conventional manner, cannot
realize. That’s why Lamborghini made the no compromise choice of the full
monocoque, which weighs only 147.5 kilograms (324.5 lbs).
Extremely rigid construction
Superior passive safety is only one benefit of the extreme rigidity of a full
carbon fiber monocoque – very high torsional rigidity is another. The
monocoque is connected at the front and rear with equally rigid aluminum
sub-frames, on which the suspension, engine and transmission are mounted.
The entire body-in-white of the future V12 model weighs only 229.5 kilograms
(505 lbs) and boasts phenomenal torsional rigidity of 35,000 Newton meters
per degree of twist. This guarantees a superb feeling of solidity, but, more
importantly, extremely exact wheel control with excellent steering precision
and sensitive feedback. For the dedicated driver, both are essential for truly
enticing driving pleasure. The new Lamborghini flagship responds to the most
minute steering input with the stunning precision of a perfectly balanced race
car.
Depending on the form, function and requirements of the individual elements,
the Lamborghini development team selected from three main CFRP
manufacturing methods within its technology tool kit. They differ not only in
their production processes, but also in the type of carbon fiber and its weave
and, most importantly, in the chemical composition of the synthetic resin
used.
Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM): In this process the carbon fiber mats are
preformed and impregnated with an exact amount of resin. Afterwards, they
are cured under heat while the part is in the mould. Lamborghini has achieved
a major breakthrough by further developing this method. Using the patented
“RTM-Lambo” process, the final mould is no longer a heavy, complex metal
piece, but is made instead from lightweight carbon-fiber parts, thus making
the manufacturing process faster, more flexible and more efficient.
An additional benefit of the RTM-Lambo process is the low injection pressure
that doesn’t require expensive equipment.
Prepreg – The carbon fiber mats used in this method, commonly known as
prepreg, are pre-injected by the supplier with a thermosetting liquid resin and
must be stored at a low temperature. The mats are then laminated in molds
and cured under heat and pressure in an autoclave. Prepreg components are
complex to make, but have an extremely high-quality surface finish (Class-A
surface quality) and are therefore the preferred option for use in visible
locations.
Braiding – These components are manufactured by using RTM technology.
This carbon fiber weave technology is derived from the textile industry and
used to make tubular components for special applications such as structural
roof pillars and rocker panels. The woven components are made by diagonally
interweaving the fiber in several layers.
The monocoque of the new V12 super sports car is constructed using these
technologies applied in a series of special processes. One significant
advancement Lamborghini realized is the ability to use already-assembled
monocoque elements as the mould for the next step in the process. This
makes for a considerable simplification of the manufacturing process
compared with conventional methods.
Epoxy foam components are also used within the monocoque. They are
placed in strategic points to increase the stiffness of the monocoque by
working as spacers between the composite layers while also dampening noise
and vibration. In addition, aluminum inserts are laminated into the front and
rear surfaces to facilitate connection with the aluminum front and rear subframe
elements.
Because of the complexity of the materials and process outlined above,
Lamborghini decided to produce its new monocoque completely in-house,
managing one strategic step in the production process.
Quality control is an absolutely crucial factor – every single monocoque is
measured to exacting tolerances of only 0.1 millimeters, facilitating the
extreme precision of the overall vehicle. Quality control starts with the
purchase of the carbon fiber parts. Every delivery of carbon fiber is certified
and the material is checked regularly for compliance with quality standards.
Lamborghini worked together with its suppliers to develop a world-exclusive
fiber and resin system for its RTM technology. Ultimately, these materials and
processes constitute an important part of Lamborghini’s worldwide leading
expertise in the field.Carbon composite materials – A key technology for tomorrow’s highperformance
automotive engineering
These materials made from CFRP combine the lowest possible weight with
excellent material characteristics – they are very light, extremely rigid and
exceptionally precise.
Furthermore, CFRP materials can also be formed into highly complex
components with integrated functions. This reduces the number of individual
parts when compared to traditional metal construction – thus enabling further
weight reduction. Lighter cars have lower fuel consumption and fewer CO2
emissions. Most significantly, however, it improves the power-to-weight ratio –
the deciding factor in the overall feel and performance of a sports car. A super
sports car built using CFRP accelerates faster, has superior handling and
better braking.The new V12 power unit –the heart of the Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4
The twelve-cylinder is the king of the engine world and the true heart of
the Lamborghini brand. The very first model created by Feruccio
Lamborghini, the 350 GT, made its appearance in 1964 featuring a twelvecylinder
engine that was incredibly innovative for its day. 3.5 liter
displacement and 320 hp were the vital statistics back then – they formed
the basis for ongoing increases and further development over the decades
that followed. Miura, Espada, Countach, Diablo and, finally, Murciélago are
just a few of the super sports cars born in Sant’Agata. All of them were,
and will continue to be, driven by V12 engines – and all have long since
risen to the status of automotive legend.
Now the next milestone in this glorious history appears – engineers in the
Lamborghini R&D Department have developed a completely new highperformance
power unit. That it would be another twelve-cylinder was
never in doubt – and not only because of the special magic conjured up by
the number twelve. The only real choice for Lamborghini is a high-revving
naturally aspirated engine – the deeply reflexive and exceptionally
powerful reaction of the automobile to the tiniest movement of the
driver’s right foot is, of course, a key part of the whole fascination inspired
by a super sports car. Ten cylinders are ideal in the displacement class
around the five liter mark, as evidenced by the highly acclaimed Gallardo
engine. For the 6.5 liter displacement targeted in this case, the perfect
number is twelve. A lower number of cylinders would result in larger and
heavier pistons and con-rods, which would have a negative impact on the
engine’s high-revving characteristics.
Starting with a clean sheet of paper
The specification for the development of the new twelve-cylinder, known
internally as the L539, was written quickly – yet was highly demanding in
its formulation. Naturally, it had to deliver more power and torque than its
predecessor in the Murciélago, but it should also be smaller and lighter
and enable a lower center of gravity. At the end of the day, low weight is
just as important to the performance of a super sports car as high power
output. Fuel consumption and gas emissions should also be reduced
significantly.
So the R&D team started with a clean sheet of paper – metaphorically
speaking, of course. Design and development in Sant’Agata is conducted
using state-of-the-art systems and equipment. The outcome is a V12 with a
classic cylinder bank angle of 60 degrees, and thus an amazingly compact
power package – the power unit measures only 665 millimeters from top
to bottom, including the intake system. Its width, including the exhaust
manifold, is only 848 millimeters, while its length is a mere 784
millimeters. Its weight of 235 kilograms is also respectably low – each
kilogram of engine weight corresponds to 3.0 HP maximum output.
Optimized for high revving and low weight
The crankcase on the new power plant is made from an aluminum-silicon
alloy and has an open-deck construction with steel cylinder liners.
Displacement is 6,498 cm3 and cylinder spacing 103.5 millimeters, while
bore diameter measures 95 millimeters and stroke 76.4 millimeters. The
short-stroke layout is especially good for high-revving characteristics and
for low internal friction. Particular attention was also paid to the bearings
for the forged and nitride-hardened crankshaft, which weighs in at 24.6
kilograms.The two four-valve cylinder heads are likewise made from sand-cast
aluminum-silicon alloy, each weighing a very light 21 kilograms. The twelve
pistons and con-rods are, respectively, in forged alloy and steel. The
maximum piston speed at 8,250 rpm is only 21 meters per second, which is
considerably less than for the Murciélago’s previous power unit. The
combustion chambers were carefully engineered to achieve optimum
tumble and combustion of the fuel/air mixture. At 11.8:1, the compression
ratio is extremely high. Inlet and outlet valve timing is electronically
controlled.
Sophisticated thermal management, optimized oil circulation
The thermal management of this high-performance power unit was
perfected with extensive detail engineering. Two switchable water circuits
in the engine ensure very rapid warm-up, which minimizes friction and
quickly brings the catalytic converters up to operating temperature, thus
benefiting fuel consumption and emissions. The external water coolers are
switched into the circuit only as required.
Absolute engine health, even under extreme racetrack conditions with
high lateral acceleration, is guaranteed by oil circulation using a dry sump
system. A total of eight scavenger pumps suck oil out of the lower
bedplate fastened to the crankcase. Pressure and scavenging losses are
thus reduced by around 50 percent. A high-pressure oil pump maintains
lubrication, while an oil/water cooler and an oil/air radiator constantly
keep temperatures within range even under extremely high load. A further
benefit of this form of dry sump lubrication is the very low mounting
position of the engine within the sports car. The new engine is mounted
60 millimeters lower than the V12 in the Murciélago – with the associated
benefits in respect of center of gravity and lateral dynamics.
From the outside, the V12 is dominated by its intake system – which
incorporates four individual throttle valves. Life inside the black housing is
also extremely complex – the optimum intake path for any given load and
engine speed is facilitated by two flaps, several channels and one bypass.
The payback is an extremely well-rounded torque curve and refined
pulling power throughout the rev range.Mighty orchestra for twelve voices
The exhaust system, too, was afforded the undivided attention of
Lamborghini’s engineers – the lowest possible gas emissions was just as
important a target as the unmistakable, spine-tingling Lamborghini sound.
The hydro-formed and thermally insulated three-into-one system
incorporates four pre-catalytic converters close to the engine and two
main catalytic converters shortly before the muffler. The casing
incorporates two separate mufflers – one low-volume, one high-volume.
Regulated by valves controlled via the engine management, they handle
all the elements of the big twelve-cylinder symphony – from a moderate
rumble when rolling through the city at low revs to the screaming
crescendo of maxed-out gear shifts.
Electronics devised entirely by Lamborghini
Another highlight is the electronic engine management, which was
developed in its entirety by engineers at Lamborghini. The system
consists of the main ECU, a secondary “smart actuators” and two
additional black boxes that function as “smart sensors”. Because speed is
everything for an engine like this, some ECU control and connection
functions are handled by the smart actuators, making the ECU faster. The
two smart sensors are constantly monitoring combustion in real time –
each ignition in every cylinder. The spark plugs – each is powered by an
individual ignition coil – function as “sensors”; the two auxiliary control
units monitor the power signal after every ignition and can immediately
identify irregularities in the combustion process through ionization
phenomena. This data is used to continually optimize engine management,
benefiting both performance and fuel consumption.
High performance in every dimension
All these technical highlights come together to create a high-performance
power unit like no other. The maximum output of 515 kW (700 hp) at
8,250 rpm is an impressive statement in itself. The maximum torque is
690 Newton meters and is available at 5,500 r/min. The extremely
generous torque curve, meaty pulling power in every situation, extremely
reflexive responses and, not least, the finely modulated but always highly
emotional acoustics make the L539 a stunning power unit for a super
sports car of the highest order. And not only was the L539 developed
entirely in-house at Lamborghini, it is also built from start to finish at
company headquarters in Sant’Agata Bolognese. Highly qualified
specialists assemble the engines by hand, with every single unit
undergoing an extensive final testing and detailed calibration program on
an engine test bed.
The new Lamborghini ISR transmission (ISR: Independent Shifting
Rods) – Innovative servo-actuated mechanical gearbox for maximum
performance
However, it is not the engine alone that defines the character and driving
characteristics of a super sports car. Another key element is the
transmission. The demands are clear – the ratios must be perfectly
arrayed and enable optimum power delivery from the engine. For
maximum vehicle performance, shift times should be less than the blink of
an eye. Operation must be clear and straightforward, via two ergonomic
shift paddles behind the steering wheel. The characteristics of the
transmission must be in line with the wishes of the driver at any given
point – from smooth city cruising through to tough action on the
racetrack. And, not least, Lamborghini customers expect an emotional
shift feeling that ensures the sports car’s reactions can always be felt and
understood. Thus, the development objective was clearly formulated in
this respect, too – create the world’s most emotional gear shift.
For all these reasons, the engineers in the R&D Department opted for a
robotized gearbox as the “companion” of the new V12 power unit – however, in
a very special iteration: the Lamborghini ISR transmission. This important part
of the powertrain is not only much lighter in comparison to a dual clutch
transmission, it also has the compact dimensions of a regular manual gearbox.
Both weight and size advantages are key in the process of building super
sports cars.
Unique engineering for super sports cars
The new unit is laid out as a two-shaft transmission with seven forward
gears and one reverse. For especially high durability, the synchronizing
rings are made from carbon-fiber – a material with which Lamborghini has
enormous experience. The short shift times are facilitated by the special
design of the transmission, known as ISR – Independent Shifting Rod.To summarize the principle – in a conventional manual gearbox, be it
automated or fully manual, the gear wheels for, say, second and third
gears are located side by side. When the driver wants to shift gear, the
shifting sleeve with synchronizer unit is moved along the shifting rod from
second gear through neutral to third gear. This requires twice the distance
and twice the time – second gear has to be disengaged before third gear
can be engaged.
Short distances, fast shift times
This process is significantly shortened in the Lamborghini ISR
transmission – the gear wheels from the second and third gears are
separate from each other and the shifting sleeves are actuated by
independent shifting rods. Now the shifting process can run virtually in
parallel – while one shifting rod is disengaging one gear, the second
shifting rod can already engage the next gear. Because these movements
partially overlap and the mechanical distances are considerably shorter,
this facilitates a significant saving in shift time. Overall, the Lamborghini
ISR transmission shifts around 140 percent faster than the e.gear
transmission in the Gallardo. And that is already one of the world’s fastest
automated manual gearboxes.
Compact construction, low weight
The new transmission has four of these independent shifting rods, with
sensors constantly monitoring their exact positions. They are operated via
hydraulic actuators, with an extremely high system pressure of 60 bar
ensuring the necessary operating speed. The system incorporates a total
of seven hydraulic valves, with pressure supplied by an electric pump. The
double-plate clutch is also hydraulically actuated. All system components
are contained within one casing. The total weight of the transmission is
only 70 kilograms – a distinct advantage, especially compared with the
significantly heavier seven-gear dual-clutch transmissions.
Five operating modes for all situations
Lamborghini drivers can choose between five operating modes: three
manual (Strada, Sport and Corsa) and two automatic (Strada-auto and
Sport-auto). The Strada mode offers highly comfort-oriented shifting,
with fully-automatic also an option. The Sport mode has a dynamic set-up
in terms of shifting points and times, while the Corsa mode delivers the
maximum shift strategy for race track driving. This mode also includes
Launch Control, the automatic function for maximum acceleration from a
standing start.
With the Lamborghini ISR transmission, engineers working under the sign
of the bull have devised an ingenious mate for the new twelve-cylinder
power unit. Their work has created an overall powertrain that is absolutely
unique in the world of super sports cars.
Integrated electronic control system
The excellent performances are possible only by a fast communication
architecture through the several powertrain ECU’s and considering the
powertrain as ONE-system in the car.
The fully electronic controlled coupling device for the front wheels (the
‘old’ viscous coupling) is another key point of the powertrain: it is able to
continuously distribute the right torque to the front wheels for always
attaining the best performance aspired to by the driver. The torque
distribution to the front wheels can vary continuously from 0% to 60% of
the total torque available.
Pushrod suspensions and steering
The new Lamborghini V12 super sports car features an innovative and highly
sophisticated suspension concept. The pushrod spring and damper concept
was inspired by Formula 1 and tuned perfectly to meet the needs of a highperformance
road-going vehicle. Together with aluminium double wishbone
suspensions and a carbon ceramic brake system, this lightweight chassis is
another element of the unique technology concept in Lamborghini’s new
flagship model.
An extremely precise, indeed razor-sharp, driving feel accurately describes
the soul of the newest and most powerful super sports car ever to bear the
sign of the bull. This includes a steering system that can think its way through
a bend adhering to the perfect line, a suspension that masters the ideal
balance between race-car feel for the road and plenty of comfort for ramping
up the miles, and lateral stability that ensures absolute safety even at the very
highest speeds.
Pushrod suspension derived from motorsport
With its phenomenal engine output of 515 kW / 700 hp and its comparatively
low vehicle weight, the new V12 super sports car from Lamborghini blasts its
way to the very highest speeds. The most important characteristic of the new
suspension is its design in line with the pushrod principle – inspired by Formula
1. The spring/damper elements are not located on the wheel mounts, but
connected inboard to the body shell structure. They are transversely
positioned: under the windscreen in the front and close to the engine in the
rear. Pushrods and relay levers / rockers transmit the forces from the wheel
mounts to the spring/damper elements.
Responsive handling characteristics at all speeds
This solution offers a whole series of impressive benefits: due to the
combination of the double wishbone and pushrod arrangement, wheel control
and damper remain separate from each other. As a result, handling is more
responsive and easier to manage at all speeds, while rigid connection to the
chassis also improves the precise and spontaneous reaction of the springs and
dampers. As a result, spring stiffness can be notched back a little – comfort
increases, while precision remains. On the front axle, the shock absorbers are
equipped with a hydraulic lifting system, which enables the front end of the
super sports car to be lifted by 40 millimeters at the touch of a button,
simplifying its ability to negotiate minor obstacles.
Systematic lightweight engineering in aluminum and carbon fiber
Aluminium and carbon fiber are also the most important lightweight
engineering materials on the chassis. The entire suspension system, including
upper and lower control arms, wheel mounts and relay levers are made from
forged aluminium alloy. The large-diameter discs on the high-performance
brake system, on the other hand, are made from lightweight and extremely
hard-wearing carbon ceramic composite material. On the front axle, the
ventilated discs measure no less than 400 millimeters in diameter, with
braking force delivered via six cylinder calipers. On the rear axle, 380
millimeter diameter discs are used in combination with four cylinder calipers.
The parking brake on the new Lamborghini top model is electrically powered.
Steering forms the sensitive connection between driver and automobile
The hydraulic steering on the Lamborghini V12 forms the highly sensitive
connection between the driver and the super sports car, which runs on 19-inch
wheels clad on 255/35 tires at the front and 20-inch rims on 335/30 tires at
the rear. Steering Gear foresees 3 different servotronic characteristics
managed by drive select mode.Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4
Equipment and Options
The new Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 offers the most up-to-date,
comprehensive and individualistic technology and equipment package ever
realized in a super sports car. From the dynamics through safety to
communication and entertainment, the Aventador fulfills every imaginable
desire of the most demanding sports car fan. The wide range of exterior and
interior colors and variants is perfect for individualization and, of course, “Ad
Personam” is also available for the Aventador for the ultimate in
personalization – where the only limits set are those of the imagination.
The standard package of electronic systems includes ABS, electronic brake
distribution, anti-slip control, speed-dependent servo-tronic steering, hill start
assist and, of course, ESP stability control. The rear spoiler and the side air
intakes are electronically controlled. The Drive Select System enables vehicle
characteristics (engine, transmission, differential, stability control, steering) to
be set in accordance with individual driver preferences in one of three modes
– Strada (road), Sport and Corsa (track).
Latest Generation HMI control
The cockpit with TFT-LCD display also comes as standard, as does the
multimedia HMI system with Navigation, including traffic data, iPod connection
and Bluetooth.
The automatic climate control functions with a sunlight sensor, with further
sensors controlling the automatic headlights. The bi-xenon headlamps come
with daytime running lights and rear lights in LED technology.
The five-spoke alloy wheels are clad in Pirelli P Zero tires and feature tire
pressure monitoring, while the brake system is equipped with carbon-ceramic
rotors and black brake calipers. Safety equipment includes six front, thorax,
head and knee airbags.
Wide range of individualization options
Options include features such as the transparent engine cover, black painted
wheels and brake calipers in yellow, gray or orange. The standard audio
system can be upgraded to the “High-End Lamborghini Sound System” with
premium speakers featuring neodymium technology and 4 x 135 watt
amplifiers. Park assistance systems include proximity sensors front and rear,
as well as a reversing camera.
A range of 13 colors are available at launch, in pastel metallic, pearlescent or
matt finishes. These include the new shades Grigio Estoque and Arancio
Argos. Three colors are available in specialized and highly sophisticated matt
finishes as AD Personam– Nero Nemesis, Bianco Canopus and Marrone Apus.
The full leather single-color interior is available in either Nero Alde (black) or
in Marrone Elpis, a warm brown shade. The contrasting stitching can be
ordered in a range of colors. The two-tone leather interiors are offered in two
style lines. For Bicolor Sportivo, the base color is black, with the contrast in
orange, white, yellow or green, while Bicolor Elegante presents a harmonious
blend of brown tones. A virtually inexhaustible array of variants is also offered
by the Ad Personam individualization program.
The price of the Lamborghini Aventador and market delivery
UK: GBP 201.900,00 (suggested retail price taxes excluded)
Europe: € 255.000 (suggested retail price taxes excluded)
USA: 379.700 USD (suggested retail price – GGT included)
China: RMB 6.270.000,00 (suggested retail price taxes included)
Japan: YEN 39.690.000,00 (suggested retail price taxes included)
The first customers will take delivery of the new Lamborghini Aventador LP
700-4 in late summer 2011.
The History
The twelve-cylinder at the heart of the brand with the bull
Lamborghini V12 – a long and glorious story. According to the history books,
Ferruccio Lamborghini established a car company in the early sixties because
he wanted to better the products on offer at the time from the competition,
with the best possible technology and quality. The prototype for all later
Lamborghini super sports cars was the 350 GTV study presented at the Turin
Motor Show in 1963. It featured an all-new aluminium twelve-cylinder
developed from scratch by engine designer Giotto Bizzarrini and boasted
performance figures that were nothing short of breathtaking by the standards
of the time. The 12-cylinder V-engine with 60 degree cylinder bank angle, four
overhead camshafts (at a time when single camshafts were still the norm), a
six bbl carburetor and dry sump lubrication, generated 360 hp at 8,000 rpm
from a displacement of 3,497 cm3 that would take the concept car to a top
speed of 280 km/h. The 350 GT series production version with conventional
lubrication launched the following year produced 320 hp at 7,000 rpm from a
displacement of 3,464 cm3.
It was exactly this engine that captured the imagination of show-goers at the
1966 Geneva Auto Salon in the Lamborghini Miura. Although its main features
were already familiar from the 400 GT, this time the four-liter 60° twelvecylinder
was mounted transversely behind the cockpit, with transmission and
differential in a single unit fixed directly to the frame.
The 320 hp made the series production Miura that followed the fastest
production car of its time with a stated top speed of more than 280 km/h –
and, with that, the first true super sports car. This engine was further
developed over the years, with several iterations featuring in the Miura S (370
hp at 7,000 rpm, 285 km/h) and Miura SV (385 hp, 300 km/h). In the Miura
Jota, a one-off made for racing, the V12 generated 440 hp at 8,500 rpm.
However, applications for the four-liter were not limited to the mid-engine
Miura. In the front-engine Islero, introduced in 1968, and in the 400 GT
Jarama, it produced 350 hp, while in the futuristic Espada the figure was 325
hp (later also 350 hp). In 1974, the Espada also saw an automatic transmission
offered for the first time.
The generational shift from the Miura to the new LP400 Countach took place
in the early seventies. 1971 brought the prototype with a breathtaking, edgy
form, the genes of which would ultimately re-emerge forty years later in
present-day Lamborghini super sports cars. Marcello
Gandini’s design was a fitting outfit for a five-liter version of the V12.
However, this engine was dropped from the series production model in 1973 in
favor of a further evolution of the four-liter unit. In the 1973 Countach – still
without the “wing” or spoiler of the eighties – it was longitudinally mounted
behind the driver, where it generated 375 hp at an impressive 8,000 rpm and
reached a top speed of 300 km/h. The years that followed saw the Countach
engine undergo a series of evolutionary developments, although still based on
the familiar cornerstones of the first V12 unit. It was in 1985 that the Countach
Quattrovalvole took displacement over the five-liter mark for the first time
(5,167 cm3) and – as the name implies – featured a four-valve cylinder head.
Output was an impressive 455 hp at 7,000 rpm.
In 1986, the five-liter V12 was presented with a completely new application –
the Lamborghini LM002 may also have had the 450 hp engine mounted up
front, but the 2.7 ton automobile was the first and only SUV produced by the
brand, a four-door all-terrain vehicle. The late eighties saw the amazinglylong career of the Countach near its end with the Countach Anniversario. The
Diablo followed as its rightful heir, clad in a distinctly nineties outfit. By 1990,
the V12 had increased to 5.7 liters and by the end of Diablo production to
almost six liters, producing 492 hp. One year later, the Diablo VT was the
brand’s first four-wheel drive sports car. Over the next few years, output grew
steadily to 520 hp (1993 Diablo SE). The Diablo GT with 575 hp and the radical
GTR with 590 hp both appeared in 1999. The Diablo 6.0 was the first model to
feature the V12 with displacement expanded to six liters, its output ultimately
reaching 550 hp.
The Murciélago was launched in 2001 as the first Lamborghini of the new era.
It boasted a new 6.2 liter alloy V12 with a crankshaft running on seven
bearings and dry sump lubrication. It generated 580 hp at 7,500 rpm and took
the super sports car weighing just 1,650 kilograms to a top speed of 330 km/h.
The maximum torque of 650 Nm was reached at just 5,400 rpm. At the 2006
Geneva Motor Show, Lamborghini unveiled the Murciélago LP 640, which
produces 640 hp from the V12 unit that had been expanded to 6,496 cm3. In
the strictly limited Lamborghini Reventón, the twelve-cylinder that is the very
heart of the brand generated 650 hp. The grand finale came with the
Murciélago LP 670-4 Superveloce with its 670 hp. However, 2011 marks the
start of a new chapter in this glorious story…
